The core of the smart grid is the distributed energy access technology of the smart wireless nuclear phase analyzer grid. It is to build a smart network system that integrates multiple types of energy integration and distributed management with intelligent judgment and self-adaptation capabilities. It can be used for power grids and users. The electrical information is monitored and collected in real time, and the most economical and safest transmission and distribution methods are used to deliver electrical energy to the end users, to achieve optimal configuration and utilization of electrical energy, and to improve the reliability of grid operation and energy efficiency.
There are many types of Distributed Power Supply (DER), including small hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic power, fuel cells, and energy storage devices (such as flywheels, supercapacitors, superconducting magnetic energy storage, flow batteries, and sodium-sulfur batteries). In general, its capacity is from 1kW to 10MW. The DER in the distribution network is widely used due to its proximity to the load center, reducing the need for power grid expansion and improving the reliability of power supply. In particular, distributed renewable energy, which helps reduce the greenhouse effect, has grown rapidly under the strong support of government policies in many countries. At present, in several countries in northern Europe, DER has more than 30% of the electricity generation share. In the United States, DER currently accounts for only 7% of its total capacity, and it is expected that this share will reach 25% by 2020.
A large number of distributed power sources operate on medium-voltage or low-voltage power distribution networks, completely changing the characteristics of traditional power distribution system unidirectional power flows, requiring the system to use new protection schemes, voltage control and instrumentation to meet the needs of two-way power flow. However, integrating these distributed power sources seamlessly into the grid and coordinating operations through advanced automation systems will bring enormous benefits. In addition to saving investment in the transmission grid, it can improve system-wide reliability and efficiency, provide emergency power and peak-to-charge power support for the grid, and other auxiliary service functions such as reactive power support and power quality improvement; It also provides great flexibility for system operation. For example, in the case of storms, ice and snow, when the large power grids are severely damaged, these distributed power sources can form islands or micro-grids on their own to provide emergency power to important users such as hospitals, transportation hubs, and radio and television.
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