First, the instructions to enter the well
1. The coal mine is a high-risk industries, the former into the well, eat well, sleep well, rest well, do not drink to keep plenty of energy.
2. Open flames and static electricity can cause gas explosions and fires. Do not wear chemical fiber clothes and carry cigarettes and ignition items.
3. Before entering the well, you must wear a miner's lamp, wear a helmet, carry a self-rescuer, and if the equipment is not well-equipped or the equipment is not in good condition, you cannot work in the well.
4. When carrying a sharp tool, cover the sheath to prevent injury.
5. Before the class, you can understand the safety production situation of the work place, clarify the safety precautions, master the preventive measures, and ensure the safety of the work. Therefore, you should attend the pre-class meeting on time.
6. Conscientiously abide by the "Into the Well Checking System", obey the command, queue into the well, and accept the body.
Second, safe ride and walking
7. Go up and down the well, take the car, take the belt to listen to the command, can not play and fight, grab the grab.
8. According to the capacity of the tank, take the car, and close the cage door, the door, and hang the protective chain. You cannot ride on a locomotive or between two compartments.
9. It is very dangerous to mix people and goods. Do not take the cages, mine cars and belts of the loaded materials.
10. When the driving signal has been sent and the cage and the vehicle are not stopped, it is strictly prohibited to go up and down.
11. When transporting pyrotechnics, you must follow the management arrangements, and you must not take the cans or rides with the upper and lower staff.
12. On the way of cans, rides, and belts, you can't lie in the tank, in the car, and doze off. You can't put your head, hands, feet, and tools on the outside of the cage and the vehicle; you can't lie on your belt and sleep on your belt. And standing, walking, can not help the side of the belt.
13. When riding the "monkey car" (stepless rope winch), do not touch the sheave to keep it steady and steady.
14. When walking in the roadway, walk the sidewalk, do not walk in the middle of the track, do not arbitrarily cross the motor car track, twist the driveway, when carrying long tools, pay attention to avoid hurting others and touching the overhead line, when the vehicle is approaching Immediately enter the dodge shelter to avoid.
15. When crossing the main road and passing through corners and intersections, it is necessary to "one stop, two look, three pass"; no one can pass through the bottom of the shaft and the inclined shaft; When walking in the lane, do not walk with the vehicle in accordance with the regulations of "Pedestrians do not drive, do not walk".
16. Locations with fences and hazard warning signs are very dangerous and cannot be accessed without permission; blasting operations often injure people and cannot be forced through the blasting cordon and into the blasting warning zone.
17. It is strictly forbidden to drive, jump and take a mine car. It is strictly forbidden to walk on the scraper conveyor; in the belt conveyor lane, the conveyor belt cannot be drilled or crossed.
Third, disaster prevention
18. Mine gas is a methane-based harmful gas mainly composed of coalbed methane in the mine. Sometimes referred to separately as methane (biogas). It is a gas associated with the formation of coal and the deterioration of coal. The gas generated in the process of coal formation is the initial stage of the accumulation of coal into ancient coal, and the cellulose and organic matter are decomposed by the action of anaerobic bacteria. In addition, in a high-temperature, high-pressure environment, while coal is formed, gas is continuously generated due to physical and chemical action.
Gas is a colorless, odorless, odorless gas, but sometimes it smells like apples, because aromatic hydrocarbon gas flows out simultaneously with gas. The relative density of gas to air is 0.554. Under standard conditions, the density of gas is 0.716kg, so it often accumulates in the upper part and the top of the roadway. The gas permeability of gas is 1.6 times that of air. It is hardly soluble in water, does not support combustion, and cannot maintain breathing. When it reaches a certain concentration, it can cause people to suffocate due to lack of oxygen, and can burn or explode. Gas is one of the main disasters in the mine.
Gas has four major hazards: first, it can burn, causing mine fires; second, it will explode, causing mines to be destroyed; third, when the concentration is too high, it will cause people to suffer from oxygen suffocation or even death; fourth, coal (rock) will occur. With gas, it is prominent, destroying and blocking the roadway, and even causing people to suffocate and die, gas explosion.
19. The mine gas rank is divided by the relative amount of gas emission. The "Safety Regulations for Coal Mines" stipulates that in a mine, as long as there is a coal (rock) layer to discover gas, the mine is designated as a gas mine and is managed according to the mine gas grade working system.
The mine gas rank is divided according to the relative gas emission of the mine, the absolute gas emission of the mine and the gas emission form:
(1) Low gas mine: The relative gas emission of the mine is less than or equal to 10 cubic meters per ton and the absolute gas emission of the mine is less than or equal to 40 cubic meters per minute.
(2) High gas mine: The relative gas emission of the mine is more than 10 cubic meters / ton and the absolute gas emission of the mine is more than 40 cubic meters / minute.
(3) Coal (rock) and gas (carbon dioxide) prominent mines.
Coal (rock) and gas outburst (abbreviated as prominent) are sudden bursts of gas and coal (rock) in a flash (a few seconds or minutes) accompanied by strong sound and powerful impact dynamics.
Gas outburst means that with the increase of coal mining depth and the increase of gas content, under the action of ground stress under the action of ground stress, the weak coal seam breaks through the resistance line and instantly releases a large amount of gas and coal. a geological disaster. The deeper the coal mining depth, the greater the energy released by the gas. Coal and gas outburst mainly occur in coal seam roadway excavation, mountain excavation and Shimen uncovering coal. Some mines also have coal and gas outburst in the mining face. Gas outbursts and gas explosions are two concepts, but disasters come from gas. Gas outburst is a kind of geological disaster. After a large amount of harmful gas inrush, it will form suffocation, but it will not necessarily cause an explosion accident. However, if the following three conditions occur, it will cause an explosion accident. First, the oxygen content in the air reaches 12% or more, and the second is the gas concentration between 5% and 16%. The third is an open flame, and the ignition temperature reaches 650 degrees. the above.
Mine gas explosion is essentially a violent oxidation reaction caused by a certain concentration of methane and air moderately. The intense oxidation of oxygen produced by a certain temperature.
The conditions for gas explosion are: a certain concentration of gas, the presence of a high temperature fire source and sufficient oxygen. The gas explosion limit is 5% to 16%. When the gas concentration is less than 5%, it will not explode in case of fire, but it can form a combustion layer around the flame. When the gas concentration is 9.5%, its explosive power is the largest (oxygen and gas completely react); when the gas concentration is above 16% It loses its explosiveness, but it still burns when it encounters fire in the air. The gas explosion limit is not fixed. It is also affected by temperature, pressure, and the incorporation of coal dust, other combustible gases, and inert gases.
The ignition temperature of the gas is the lowest temperature at which the gas is ignited. It is generally believed that the gas ignition temperature is 650 ° C ~ 750 ° C.
The existence of high temperature fire sources is one of the necessary conditions for gas explosion. Underground smoke, electrical sparks, illegal shooting, coal spontaneous combustion, open fire operations, etc. are all likely to cause gas explosion. Practice has proved that when the oxygen concentration in the air decreases, the gas explosion limit is reduced. When the oxygen concentration is reduced to less than 12%, the gas mixture gas loses its explosiveness. This property has a great influence on the closed fire zone in the well. In the closed fire zone, a large amount of gas is accumulated and there is a fire source. However, due to the low concentration of oxygen, there is no explosion. If fresh air enters and the oxygen concentration reaches 12% or more, an explosion may occur. Therefore, the fire zone should be strictly managed. It should be extra cautious when opening the fire zone. It must be opened after the fire is extinguished.
20. Gas accidents can be prevented. As long as the "Safety Regulations for Coal Mines" and relevant rules and regulations are implemented conscientiously to prevent the accumulation of gas and the occurrence of fire sources, gas accidents can be prevented.
21. Monitoring and monitoring is an important measure to prevent gas accumulation. It is necessary to protect monitoring and monitoring equipment. It is not possible to raise the alarm value of monitoring probes, destroy gas monitoring probes or use mud and pulverized coal because of monitoring and monitoring system alarms and power outages affecting production. And other items will block the gas monitoring probe.
22. Mine ventilation is to continuously send the ground air to the underground, while continuously discharging the dirty air from the well. The role of ventilation is as follows: (1) to supply enough fresh air to the underground personnel to meet the breathing needs of personnel; (2) to dilute, remove toxic gases and dust from underground, to ensure that workers are not poisoned, and to maintain air cleanliness to prevent gas and coal dust Explosion accidents; (3) Diluting, removing heat and steam from underground, creating suitable climatic conditions and improving the working environment of employees.
Fourth, in the measures to ensure personal safety and mine safety production, mine ventilation has a very important significance.
In order to achieve the purpose of mine ventilation, each mine must have at least two wellheads, one for incoming air and one for return air, and a ventilator is installed at the return air well. This is called mechanical ventilation of the mine shaft, and the mine relies on such ventilation. The machine sends the fresh air from the ground to various working places in the underground, and relies on it to discharge the dirty air and harmful gases from the underground to the ground.
In order to distribute fresh air to various working places as needed, in the underground roadways, ventilation structures such as wind walls, dampers and wind bridges are provided according to the needs of ventilation. In some roadways, there is also an adjustment wind window for adjusting the air volume. These ventilation structures are necessary means to ensure that fresh air volume is sent to each wind location as needed. For example, when the inlet and return air meet at the same place, in order to separate the incoming and return air, a wind bridge must be installed at this location; The wind is cut off, and a damper or the like needs to be set at a certain place in the roadway. Therefore, after anyone passes the damper, the damper must be closed. When the vehicle passes through the damper, the two adjacent dampers must not be opened at the same time, otherwise the wind will be short-circuited, so that some places will not get enough fresh air.
23. Ventilation facilities such as air ducts, dampers, wind bridges and wind barriers are the most important infrastructure for miners to provide fresh air and prevent gas accumulation and prevent gas accidents. Once these ventilation facilities are destroyed, the wind flow may be disordered. Leading to gas accidents, causing heavy casualties; therefore, first, we must consciously protect the underground ventilation facilities. Second, when passing the damper, we must immediately close it properly. We cannot open the two dampers at the same time to avoid short-circuiting of the wind. If the ventilation facility is found to be damaged, the work is not normal, or the air volume is insufficient, it should be reported in time and repaired.
24. The heading face is one of the most prone to gas accumulation and gas accidents. It ensures that the normal operation of the local fan can effectively prevent the occurrence of gas accidents. Local ventilators are usually managed by a dedicated person, and others are not allowed to stop at will.
25. The working face still insists on the production operation in the case of gas overrun, which is very likely to cause serious accidents. Various regulations stipulate that gas is not allowed to exceed the limit:
When the gas concentration in the return airway of the mining area and the return airway in the mining face exceeds 1% or the carbon dioxide exceeds 1.5%, the operation must be stopped and evacuated from the overrun area.
When the gas concentration in the wind flow within 20 meters of the mining face and other working sites, or the motor or its switch installation location reaches 1.5%, it must also stop working and withdraw from the overrun area.
26. Sparks generated by miner's lamps and electromechanical equipment can cause gas explosions and mine fires, resulting in heavy casualties. Therefore, it is not allowed to disassemble, knock, or hit miner's lamps at will, and it is not allowed to electrify, relocate, or use electrical equipment. Knife switch.
27. Gas explosions caused by smoking have occurred. In order to ensure the safety of all miners in the underground, smoking is prohibited underground and ignition items such as matches and lighters are used.
28. Coal and gas outbursts may occur when one or more of the following symptoms occur, so stop operations, evacuate from the site, and report to the appropriate department when the following signs are observed.
Silent signs: the pressure on the roof of the working face increases, the coal wall is squeezed out, the slag is removed, the roof is sunk or the floor is bulged, the coal seam is disordered, the coal is dull, the coal is soft, the coal wall is bright, work In the surface of the wind, the gas is suddenly big and small, and there are top drills, stuck drills, and spray gas when drilling.
There are signs of sound: the coal seams are chopped, thunder, machine guns, coal cannons, sounds from far to near, from small to large, short, continuous, varying lengths, vibration or impact on the coal wall The top plate is pressed and the bracket is cracked.
29. Coal dust in some coal mines is explosive. Once coal dust explosion occurs, the mine will be destroyed and the consequences will be very serious. However, as long as the “Safety Regulations for Coal Mines†and relevant rules and regulations are implemented carefully, coal seam water injection, wet drilling and use will be effectively implemented. Comprehensive dust control measures such as water cannon mud, spray watering, flushing lanes, etc., coal dust explosion is completely preventable. When working underground, you should take care of dust-proof facilities and equipment, and do not disassemble or damage them.
30. Roof accidents are the most common and most likely accidents, so be careful. When one or more of the following symptoms occur, measures should be taken in time to prevent: the top plate and the bracket make a sound; the top plate is slag; the coal wall piece; the top plate crack; the top plate delamination; the direct top leakage top.
31. Whether the top plate will fall, you can observe it by the following methods:
One is to knock the top. That is, with the drill rod or hand percussion picks roof, sonorous voice, indicating that the roof intact; issued "empty" or "buzzing" sound, indicating that the top slate stone has abscission layer, there is the risk of falling of measures should be taken Pick the detached rock.
The second is to play the wooden wedge. That is, a small wooden wedge is inserted into the crack of the top plate. If the wooden wedge is loose or loose after a period of time, the crack is expanding and the roof has a risk of falling, and measures should be taken for treatment.
The third is vibration observation. That is, one hand is supported on the top plate, and a tool such as a chisel or a hammer is used to strike the top plate. If the top plate is shaken, even if the sound of the crack is not heard, it means that the roof rock has been separated from the layer, and there is a danger of falling, and it should be prevented in time.
32. Mine fires are underground mines or grounds that threaten the safe production of underground mines. The uncontrolled combustion that causes losses is called mine fire. The basic elements of mine fires are summarized in three aspects: heat source, combustibles and air.
According to the different heat sources of the fire, the mine fires are usually divided into two categories: external fires and internal fires.
The fire in the mine mainly refers to the fire formed by spontaneous combustion of coal. Coal spontaneous combustion must have the following three conditions: (1) coal has a tendency to self-ignite and is piled up in a broken state; (2) continuous ventilation and oxygen supply keeps the oxidation process of coal continuously developed; (3) oxidation of coal The heat is accumulated in a large amount and it is difficult to dissipate it in time.
33. The consequences of underground fires are very serious, which will cause heavy casualties and property losses. It will also cause gas and coal dust explosions, which will lead to further expansion of the disaster. Pay attention to the prevention of mine fires. First, it is impossible to use bulbs for heating and using electric furnaces underground. The second is that, in the absence of approval, it is not allowed to engage in electric or gas welding operations; the third is that the remaining oil and waste oil cannot be sprinkled freely, and the flammable materials such as used cotton yarn, cloth head and paper can not be discarded at will.
34. The initial stage of fire is the best time to extinguish fires. Therefore, you should learn to use fire-fighting equipment and master the knowledge of fire-fighting. In the event of a fire, if the fire is not large, you can directly organize the personnel around you to extinguish the fire; if the fire is large or the fire is too strong, if the site personnel are unable to rescue and their safety is threatened, they should quickly wear a self-rescuer to evacuate the disaster area or act according to the leadership instructions. .
35. Mine flood accidents are one of the five major natural disasters in coal mines, and they also cause heavy casualties. When one or more of the following signs are observed, operations must be stopped, the situation must be identified, and the report to the leadership or dispatch room should be reported immediately. The area threatened by water damage: the working surface becomes wet, the roof is dripping, dripping, the rock is expanding, the bottom drum, the mine pressure is increased, the piece is topping, the bracket is deformed, there is water, the coal layer is sweating, hanging red, The working face has an increase in harmful gases, sometimes with a smell of rotten eggs.
36. There are often accidents in water exploration operations. When conducting water exploration operations, it is necessary to pre-open evasive squats, strengthen support, stipulate contact signals and avoidance routes, and check gas frequently. When encountering an abnormal situation during drilling, do not easily move or pull out the drill pipe and release the water without authorization. Report it to the leader or the dispatching room in time. If the situation is critical, evacuate immediately.
37. Explosives will produce an explosion flame during the explosion process. If the preventive measures are improper, it will cause gas explosion, and gas accidents caused by blasting operations may occur. In order to prevent gas accidents caused by blasting operations, the relevant regulations stipulate that the blasting operation must strictly implement the "one shot three inspections" system (before pre-charge, pre-shooting, and post-shooting to check the gas concentration), and the gas flow within 20 meters of the blasting site. When the concentration reaches 1%, it is strictly prohibited to charge and blast; the underground blasting operation must use a special explosive device. It is strictly forbidden to use open flame, open knife gate (switch), and open socket blasting; the blasthole must be sealed with enough mud and mud. It is strictly forbidden to use pulverized coal or other flammable materials to block the blasthole. It is strictly forbidden to blast when there is no sealing mud or insufficient mud.
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