Lead ore smelting technology and process
Lead material
Most of the smelting sulfide lead concentrate feed, a small part of lead zinc oxide ore, which comprises the polyvalent metal can be recovered almost in the smelting process. Chinese lead sulfide concentrates often contain less valuable metals: lead, zinc, copper, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, mercury, gold, silver, selenium, tellurium, indium, germanium, thallium. In the sintering process, more than 95% of the mercury enters the flue gas; 70% of the strontium, 30-40% of cadmium, selenium, tellurium, and a small part of arsenic, antimony, bismuth and other metals enter the soot; the rest remain in the agglomerate and return In the powder. In the blast furnace smelting process, almost all gold, silver and most of copper, arsenic, antimony, antimony, tin , selenium and tellurium enter the crude lead, more than 95% of the zinc and antimony, more than 50% of the indium enters the slag, 80~ 90% of cadmium enters the dust. In the preliminary refining process of the fire method, most of the copper, tin and indium in the crude lead enter the scum, and metals such as gold, silver and bismuth remain in the lead. In the lead electrorefining process, metals that are more positive than lead, such as gold, silver, copper, ruthenium, osmium, arsenic, selenium, tellurium, etc., remain in the anode mud, and metals that are more negatively charged than lead, such as iron and zinc, Nickel , cobalt and lead dissolve together and enter the electrolyte, but do not precipitate at the cathode.
Mercury can be recovered from the flue gas of the sintering machine, and the soot generally returns to the ingredients, and the cadmium and antimony are recovered after the cycle enrichment. Treatment of blast furnace dust can recover metals such as cadmium, zinc, indium and antimony.
When scum is smelted, it produces crude lead, matte (including arsenic matte), slag and soot. It can recover copper and lead from matte and slag, and recover indium and arsenic from soot. When processing coarse lead with higher tin content, high tin scum can be re-selected to obtain lead concentrate and tin concentrate, and lead and tin are separately recovered.
In China's low-grade lead-zinc oxide ore, some of the lead, zinc, cadmium, and antimony volatilized into the dust during the blast furnace chemical process, and some of it entered the crude lead, and most of it remained in the slag. The slag is volatilized by the smelting furnace, and lead, zinc, cadmium and bismuth enter the soot and are recovered from the soot.
Refining
The crude lead obtained after the primary smelting is further refined, and there are two kinds of fire method and wet method. At present, the fire method is the mainstay in the world, and the wet method lead is still in the experimental research stage. Foreign countries mainly rely on fire law, and China mainly focuses on electrolytic refining. The electrolysis method is characterized by better recovery of valuable metals such as gold, silver, and antimony, and the availability of pure lead. Fire refining is more flexible, and it can be organized according to the impurities in the crude lead and the market demand, and the investment is also saved.
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