The benefits of dehydrating mineral products and the three major dehydration methods
In the beneficiation process, most of the mineral processing products contain a large amount of water. For example, the concentrate of the flotation plant contains about 4 to 5 times the weight of the solids, and the concentrate obtained by the re-election plant and the magnetic separation plant also has a large amount of water. Therefore, it is necessary to dehydrate the concentrate product, otherwise the transportation of the concentrate is very difficult, and the transportation cost is increased. In cold regions, the storage and transportation of concentrates containing a large amount of water will freeze. Concentrate dewatering is also very necessary for smelting concentrate water containing large smelting not only increase energy consumption, and also reduce the utilization factor of metallurgical protected. In addition, in order to strengthen environmental protection, or in areas where water sources are scarce, it is necessary to dewatering mineral processing products in order to reduce fresh water consumption.
The water content of the tailings will live above 70%, and the tailings will generally undergo dehydration before entering the tailings pond.
It can be seen that dewatering operations are an indispensable part of mineral processing.
The main methods of dehydration are as follows:
(1) Mechanical dehydration
It uses mechanical force (gravity, pressure, centrifugal force) to separate moisture from solids. For example, precipitation concentration and filtration belong to this type of method. The main application of dewatering in mineral processing is this type of method.
(2) Thermal energy dehydration
It uses heat to vaporize water to achieve the separation of moisture and solids. This is the case, for example, by drying the material with a rotary kiln dryer.
(3) physicochemical dehydration
It is the application of water-absorbing chemicals such as quicklime, anhydrous calcium chloride, etc. to absorb moisture in the material.
In the beneficiation process, the dewatering of the coarse-grained material is relatively simple, and the gravity can be used to naturally drain the moisture in the material, and most of the moisture is removed. For the dewatering of fine-grained materials, the dewatering is more complicated. For example, the concentrate of the flotation plant is generally fine. The dewatering is usually divided into two steps: the first multi-settling and concentration, the common sedimentation tank or the thickener, etc. The very thin pulp is concentrated to a slurry with a water content of 50% to 30%; the second step is filtered. The use of the catch machine to achieve the water content of concentrate products reached 16% ~ 8%. Depending on the specific situation, especially for the concentrate water requirements or in the cold season in the north, sometimes the third step of drying, the material is dried with a dryer, the moisture in the material can be reduced to less than 6%. However, it must be pointed out that the cost of dehydration is higher and the loss of concentrate is also greater.
Therefore, the current two-stage dewatering process is concentrated and filtered in the concentrator.
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